Across sand-over-clay country, a pale bleach layer often sits between the topsoil and the clay below. It's acidic, low in nutrients, and roots simply can't get past it. That means your crop is farming just the top layer of hungry sand, while the moisture and goodness in the clay below sit out of reach.
Sodic soils are the same story with a different cause. Known for their high sodium content, sodic layers are a headache for farmers: they hinder root growth and water infiltration, limiting the potential of your land.
Standard rippers either ride up on these hard layers or break out before they get there. The AP102 takes the challenge head-on, breaking through the bleach and sodic layers down to the clay beneath, and lifting the good clay back into your topsoil.